How do burners work for gas-fired and oil-fired boilers?

How do burners work for gas-fired and oil-fired boilers?
Burner is an important equipment of oil-fired and gas-fired boiler. The fuel burner is composed of atomizer (oil nozzle) and air conditioner, while the gas burner is composed of gas nozzle and air conditioner. In order to make the fuel in the boiler burn well and make effective use of heat, the atomization quality of oil must be improved, and the oil mist or gas can be fully mixed with air, which is mainly achieved by means of burners.
In order to meet the needs of the combustion process in the boiler and ensure the safe and economic operation of the boiler, the technical requirements for the fuel burner are:
1. The combustion efficiency is high. For the fuel oil burner, within a certain range of adjustment, it should be able to atomize the fuel oil well. The fine surface of the oil mist should be uniform, the atomization angle should be appropriate, and the oil mist should also be evenly distributed along the circumference to increase the contact area between the oil mist and the air.
2. The air distribution is reasonable to ensure stable and complete fuel combustion. The air necessary for combustion shall be supplied from the flare root, and it shall be mixed with oil mist quickly and evenly to ensure complete combustion and less harmful substances (CO, NO, etc.) generated in the flue gas. Make the air flow become an appropriate reflux zone, and keep the fuel and air in a higher temperature field to ensure rapid ignition and stable combustion.
3. The flame generated by combustion shall adapt to the structure and shape of the furnace. The flame fullness shall be good. The flame temperature and blackness shall meet the requirements of the boiler. The flame shall not be allowed to wash the furnace wall, furnace bottom and extend the convection heating surface.
4. The regulation range is large, and it can adapt to the need of boiler load regulation. The burner can work stably from the lowest load to the highest load of the boiler, without flashback and de-fire.
5. Fuel atomization requires less energy.
6. The resistance of the air conditioning device is small.
7. The operation of ignition, ignition and regulation is convenient, safe and reliable, and the operation noise is low.
8. The structure is simple, compact, the device is light, the operation is reliable, easy to adjust and repair, and easy to realize the automatic control of the combustion process.
The combustion conditions of oil-fired and gas-fired boilers mainly depend on the atomization quality of the burner to the fuel oil and the reasonable air distribution to the oil, gas or gas. Poor atomization or unreasonable air distribution of the burner will cause the following hazards:
1. Incomplete combustion will pollute the heating surface at the rear of the boiler, increase the exhaust gas temperature, and even cause secondary combustion:
2. Incomplete combustion of fuel oil or gas leads to large heat loss, waste of energy and fuel, and environmental pollution.
3. Oil atomizer or furnace coking.
4. Flameout, fire cannon and even furnace and flue explosion.
Fuel oil is a liquid fuel, its boiling point is lower than its ignition point, so the combustion of oil is always carried out in the gaseous state. After the atomized oil particles are sprayed into the furnace, they are heated by the high temperature flue gas in the furnace and vaporized. The vaporized oil gas and the oxygen in the surrounding air meet to form a flame. A part of the heat generated by combustion is transferred to the oil particles, so that the oil particles continue to vaporize and burn until they are burned out.
The combustion ways of intensified oil include:
1. Improve atomization quality and reduce oil particle size. In this way, the heat absorption surface and gasification surface of oil particles can be increased, thus speeding up the gasification speed of oil. The gasification speed of oil particles is related to their particle size. The smaller the particle size, the faster the gasification.
2. Reasonable air distribution. Respectively supply appropriate amount of air to different areas in time to avoid carbon black caused by high temperature and oxygen deficiency, and ensure complete combustion of oil in the least amount of excess air.
The fuel burner is composed of oil atomizer and air conditioner according to the above requirements. The fuel oil is atomized into oil particles through the atomizer, sprayed into the furnace at a certain atomization angle, and mixed with the air flow with a certain shape and velocity distribution sent through the air conditioner. The cooperation of the oil atomizer and the air conditioner should enable most of the air required for combustion to be supplied from the flame root in time, and make the air distribution at all parts of the flare adapt to the flow density distribution of the oil mist. At the same time, a certain amount of air shall be supplied to the tail of the flare to ensure the burning of carbon black and coke particles.